ABSTRACT
Psychological empowerment is a motivational concept that encompasses a person's thoughts and perceptions that give a sense of behavior and commitment to the work. Psychological empowerment is widely acknowledged to be associated with nurses' job satisfaction. However, this relationship has been found to be controversial. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological empowerment and nurses' job satisfaction. The electronic databases CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were utilized to search for relevant studies published from 2001 to 2024. The correlation coefficients were extracted for each eligible study and transformed into Fisher's Z. Then, the pooled effect size (r coefficient) was computed using Fisher's Z and the corresponding standard error. Moreover, I2 was used to assess the heterogeneity of studies. Begg's rank and Egger's test were employed to assess the publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was utilized to measure the robustness of study findings using the one-leave-out approach, and a critical appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies was adopted to assess the quality of included studies. A total of 18 studies were selected for analysis with a total sample of 6,353 nurses from different countries. The included studies ranged from moderate to high quality based on the quality assessment checklist. The pooled effect size for the correlation between psychological empowerment and nurses' job satisfaction was 0.512 (95% confidence interval = 0.406-0.604) with mild-to-moderate heterogeneity. Moreover, the majority of the studies confirmed a positive relationship between the two measured concepts. This study presents evidence indicating that psychological empowerment has a sensible relationship with nurses' job satisfaction. Therefore, nurse administrators should implement tailored strategies to trigger nurses' psychological empowerment, aiming to boost job satisfaction and reduce turnover and burnout. However, additional studies are essential to establish a causal relationship.
ABSTRACT
Introduction Sharp object injuries in the medical field present a considerable occupational hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs), encompassing a spectrum of consequences from immediate discomfort to enduring health consequences. These injuries may expose HCWs to potential infections. Despite efforts to control sharp object injuries in healthcare environments, they are present at every stage involving using or disposing of medical sharp instruments. In Jordan, limited research has focused on sharp object injuries, with most data included from studies concentrating on practicing nurses or nursing students. Consequently, further research is necessary to comprehend the causes behind the high sharp object injury rate and the insufficient knowledge of safety practices and preventive guidelines. Objectives This study was conducted to investigate the impact of sharp object injuries on HCWs, underlying causes, and potential consequences causes of needlestick injuries. To highlight perspective and preventive imperatives. Methods and patients This retrospective institutional-based cross-sectional chart analysis was conducted by reviewing all sharp object injuries report sheets and extracting data directly from these reports for analysis. The study encompassed all reported cases occurring between 2018 and 2023. All the participants' data handling was accomplished according to the Declaration of Helsinki (2013) and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability (HIPAA) Acts. Results A total of 146 self-reported hospital workers were included in the study. Within the final cohort, 52.73% of the participants were male (77/146), with an average age at diagnosis of 38.6±7.87 years (ranging from 20 to 52 years). Conversely, females comprised 47.27% of the cohort population (69/146) and had an average age at diagnosis of 34.73±6.73 years (ranging from 19 to 47 years). The age group 20-29 years was the most prominent age group, statistical analysis of age and gender data revealed significant differences. The overall prevalence of sharp object injuries was 11.83%, indicating that a sizable portion of HCWs is at risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Among the different professional categories, Physicians constituted the majority of sharp object injuries reported victims in 41 cases (28.08%), followed by nurses in 38 cases (26.02%). Statistical analysis of the profession's data revealed significant differences (P<0.001). Notably, sharp object injuries were most reported in wards. The leading procedures that caused sharp object injuries were identified as during needle recapping in 53 instances (36.30%), then followed by medical waste treatment in 32 cases (21.92%). The left hand was the most affected body part, reported in 83 cases (56.84%). All injured individuals reported the incident promptly. No seroconversions were documented within the reviewed cases during the study period. Conclusion Injuries caused by sharp objects persist as a significant danger for hospital employees, posing immediate harm and long-term health risks linked to bloodborne pathogens. The findings stress the continuous responsibility of healthcare institutions to prioritize staff safety by addressing the root causes of sharp object injuries and fostering reporting and prevention cultures. Underreporting reasons are diverse, encompassing factors like time constraints, fear of consequences, and the misconception of injury insignificance.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Brucellosis is an infectious illness contracted by humans through the consumption of unpasteurized milk and dairy items. Brucella organisms are diminutive, gram-negative, non-motile, and non-spore-forming facultative intracellular, aerobic intracellular coccobacilli residing within the reproductive organs of host animals, leading to conditions such as abortions and sterility. Numerous species of Brucella have been identified, with the following four exhibiting varying degrees of pathogenicity in humans: Brucella melitensis (originating from sheep), Brucella suis (associated with pigs), Brucella abortus (linked to cattle), and Brucella canis (found in dogs). B. melitensis and B. suis demonstrate the highest level of pathogenicity, while B. abortus and B. canis exhibit a more moderate degree of pathogenicity. The illness can progress to systemic involvement, with the musculoskeletal system being particularly susceptible to complications. Spinal epidural abscess is an infrequent complication that may occur during spondylitis caused by Brucella species. Epidural abscesses most commonly affect the lumbar vertebrae, while their involvement in the cervical spine is relatively rare. OBJECTIVE: In this review, we explore spine brucellosis, covering its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, and evolving treatments. We aim to enhance early detection, timely intervention, and patient outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective chart analysis was conducted by revising all medical files for patients in whom spinal brucellosis was diagnosed and managed. RESULTS: This study was conducted at King Hussein Medical Center (KHMC), Jordan, and included a total of 20 patients who were diagnosed with spine brucellosis during the study period. Within the final cohort, 65% of the patients were male (13/20), with an average age at diagnosis of 47.53±14.98 years (ranging from 4 to 61 years). The female group, on the other hand, had an average age at diagnosis of 51.12±15.55 years (ranging from 3 to 58 years). Statistical analysis of the data revealed no significant demographic differences between the two groups. Regarding the co-morbidities, no statistical differences were observed between the two groups. Examining the occupational status of the two groups, no differences were observed. Also, no differences were observed between the two groups regarding the residence place, or the spinal segment involved. CONCLUSION: Spine brucellosis, although uncommon, poses a complex clinical challenge. Early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach are crucial for effective management. Further research is needed to refine diagnostic tools and treatment guidelines for spine brucellosis.
